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掌握工藝機理，揭開制造本質
機理模型廣泛地存在于生產制造之中。以等離子噴涂為例，汽車、飛機、3C及黑白家電企業制造過程中都離不開它。這是產品外殼噴涂金屬的典型工藝，通常以流水線連續生產模式為主。雖然當前自動化程度已經很高，但這種工藝依然還會在噴涂凝結成形或出廠后，出現起云起斑、粉化等質量現象。導致產品輕則需要進行修補，重則要批量召回。
該如何理解這些質量問題的成因呢？
噴涂質量好不好，關鍵取決于金屬漆在被噴涂并附著于產品表面后所形成涂層所對應的兩個結果指標：孔隙率和殘余應力。
然而，這只是一種結果。等離子噴涂工藝是一種子成形過程相互依賴、多個工藝參數相互關聯的復雜過程。電流、送粉速度、熔射距離、掃描間距和掃描速度等，都是參與到成形過程中的關鍵控制因素并直接影響最終結果，具有明確的根因關系和可解釋性。
這樣的機理模型能夠很好的構建根因關系，幫助工廠快速形成數字化工藝畫像，從而快速定位引起噴涂質量問題的根源。它的沉淀過程成本高昂，需要來自大量實驗和一線工程經驗反復融合的結果，是工藝經驗的寶貴傳承。在現實生產過程的低樣本環境下，不太可能通過大數據學習訓練而完成。
焊接工藝是另外一種重要基礎工藝，廣泛應用于船舶、汽車、軌道交通、重工機械、航空、家電等。焊接過程是一個瞬時動態非平衡過程，焊縫成形質量受各種因素動態影響，使得質量控制變得極為復雜。這對焊工的操作其實提出了很高要求，很多過程的控制完全超出了人的度。
6SL3055-0AA00-5CA0 1756-M16SE 1756-DMAF 1756-DMCF001
1756-DMCF003 1756-DMCF010 1756-DMCF030
1756-TBCH 1756-TBE 1756-TBNH
1756-TBS6H 1756-TBSH 1756-CN2
1756-CN2R 1756-CNB 1756-CNBR
1756-EN2T 1756-ENBT 1756-EWEB
1756-TC15 1756-DH485 1756-DHRIO
1756-CPR2 1756-PA72 1756-PA75
1756-PB72 1756-PB75 1756-PBR2
1751-SL4SP 1751-SLBA 1751-SLBP
1756-SYNCH 1756-BA1 1756-BA2
1756-BATA 1756-BATM 1756-JMPR
1756-N2 1756-CP3 1756-DPALEN
1756-STRT4 1756-PA75R 1756-PAR2
1747-L511 1747-L514 1747-L524 1757-SRM
1747-L531 1747-L532 1747-L541
1747-L542 1747-L542P 1747-L543
1747-L543P 1747-L551 1747-L552
1747-L553 1747-L553P 1747-M1
6SL3055-0AA00-5CA0 MK-1265 RELIANCE ELECTRIC GENERATOR w/ CAT Motor
MK-5057 NACHI ROBOT NEW 2004 "NEW PRICE" SH166-03
MK-5084 NACHI ROBOT NEW 2004 "NEW PRICE" SH166-03
MK-5086 NACHI ROBOT NEW 2004, "NEW PRICE" SH166-03
MK-1350 INTERNATIONAL REACTOR CORP. NEW 2000
EC-3741 E-TECH SECONDARY SUPER HEATER ; AWESOME SHAPE
MK-5087 NACHI ROBOT NEW 2004 "NEW PRICE" SC300F-02
MK-1110 ELECTRIC NISSAN FORKLIFT "NEW PRICE"
MK-1351 GLAS-COL ONE GALLON REACTOR W/ CONTROLS
DI-85 HEAT WAGON CONTRACTOR'S HEATER 2,000,000 BTU
MK-272 CHALLENGE DIAMOND PAPER CUTTER SIZE: 193
MK-5049 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B998Q455 SF166-02
MK-5054 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ305 SF166T-02
MK-5058 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B998Q451 SF 166-02
MK-5075 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B998Q437 SF 166-02
MK-5076 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B999Q485 SF 166-02
MK-5091 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW 2000 SF166T-02
MK-5093 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "1999" SF 166-02
MK-5095 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "2000" SF 200T-02
MK-5100 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "2000" SF 200T-02
MK-5101 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "2000" SF 166T-02
EC-3541 KALMAR AC C 50 B LP FORKLIFT MAX 5000 LBS 42" F
MK-5088 NACHI ROBOT new 2000 with controls SC300F-01
MK-5046 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B002H253 SC300F-01
MK-5051 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B999Q449 SF166-02
MK-5055 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ255 SF166-02
MK-5056 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ041 SF 200-02
MK-5059 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ003 SF 200-02
MK-5060 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ037 SF 200-02
MK-5062 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ053 SF 200T-02
MK-5063 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B999Q495 SF 166-02
MK-5069 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B999Q481 SF166-02
MK-5070 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ312 SF200-02
MK-5082 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ040 SF 200-02
MK-5083 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B002H254 SC300F-01
MK-5090 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW 2000 SF200-02
MK-5092 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW 2000 SF 200-02
MK-5094 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "1999" SF 166-02
MK-5096 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "2000" SF 200T-02
MK-5099 NACHI 6 AXIS ROBOT NEW "1999" SF 166-02
BI-1005 KNOLL MODEL: HF 500/1100, 3x460V 10A
WI-65 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 34
WI-67 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 33
WI-64 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 35
WI-70 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 34
ALL REASONABLE OFFERS ACCEPTED, NEED TO MAKE ROOM
WI-66 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 34
WI-68 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 35
WI-71 BARDONS & OLIVER AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF LATHE MODEL 34
MK-1220 PRODEX 3.5 EXTRUDER
MK-5050 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B999Q491 SF166-02
MK-5061 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ035 SF 200-02
MK-5064 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ316 SF 200-02
MK-5067 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B001Q187 SF166-02
MK-5068 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B998Q488 SF200-02
MK-5071 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ311 SF200-02
MK-5072 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B99CQ323 SF 166-02
MK-5085 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B002H252 SC300F-01
EC-1950 GE PACKAGED MOTOR GENERATOR SET 100HP 75KVA
MK-1353 MILLIPORE WATERS PREP LC 2000
WI-81 DAVEY100 HP AIR COMPRESSOR MODEL 100-PDA
MK-5102 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 265 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5108 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 265 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5109 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 265 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5077 NACHI ROBOT MFG: A002H251 SC 300F-01
MK-5078 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B998Q495 SF 200-02
MK-5065 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B002H265 SC300F-01
MK-5073 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B002Q244 SF 166-02
MK-5074 NACHI ROBOT MFG: B999Q515 SF 200-02
GA-100 DESPATCH IND VRD1-40-2E V SERIES "NEW PRICE"
MK-1171 SORGEL TRANSFORMER 225 KVA MODEL: TD3225H4-216
EC-3022 PHILADELPHIA GEAR DRIVE 9HS 440HP
MK-5154 ROMAN WELDING TRASFORMER M.N. T46650SB1KUWX
MK-1226 RELIABLE 2 ROLL MILL 3" DIAMETER X 8" L-R
MK-1229NELMOR 1.25" EXTRUDER MODEL: 200HE 24
MK-5003 MEDAR WTC-MEDWELD CONTROL MODEL: 3003AX
MK-5225 KOCH HELIUM COMPRESSOR PUMP MODEL: 1400
MK-5227 KOCH HELIUM COMPRESSOR PUMP MODEL: 1400
MK-5226 KOCH HELIUM COMPRESSOR PUMP MODEL: 1400
MK-1355 MARUTO MODEL: ML-521D OPTICAL GRINDER
WI-34 ECONOMY STYLE END FACING MACHINE WITH PNEUMATIC C
EC-3287 WORTHINGTON 60 hp AIR COMPRESSOR
WI-32 ECONOMY END FACING MACHINE MODEL FH-27-0 2 1/2"
MK-267 HP PROGRAMMABLE FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR
BI-1002 OLIVER OF ADRIAN VERTICAL GRINDER
BI-1003 OLIVER OF ADRIAN VERTICAL GRINDER
MK-5103 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 90 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5104 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 90 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5105 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 90 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5106 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 90 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5107 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 90 KVA TRANSFORMER
MK-5110 SPOT WELDER WITH RO-MAN 90 KVA TRANSFORMER
WI-31 ECONOMY END FACING MACHINE MODEL FA-520 WITH HYDR
WI-33 ECONOMY END FACING MACHINE MODEL FH-21-8 WITH HYD
MK-1141 SULZER PUMP MODEL: 11-40157-1A6L01?-1912, 900GPM
MK-1142 SULZER PUMP MODEL: 11-40157-1A6L01?-1912, 900GPM
EK-156 KURT MANUFACTURING KURT CHECK GAGING SYSTEM WIT
PD-105 C&M CORP HMF B2 42909-C-008+F/M?/PTJ61 1000 FT
EK-208 ATLAS CAPCO TENSOR POWER FOCUS
EK-1583 PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC SERVO AMPLIFIER LOT OF 8 PCS
EK-1584 PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC SERVO AMPLIFIER LOT OF 14PCS
EM-108 TRIANGLE PROD SPOT WELDER KVA 30 1 PHASE
MK-1190 ARONSON TURNING ROLL PIPE FEEDER
MK-1156 ACME TRANSFORMER 112.5KVA MODEL: T-1-53315-3
MK-1157 SOGEL TRANSFORMER 112.5KVA MODEL: TD3112H4-216
MK-1158 SOGEL TRANSFORMER 112.5KVA MODEL: TD3112H4-216
CS-208 SAUNDERS & ASSOCIATES MODEL 4250A TEST CHAMBER
GA-102 DESPATCH IND STYLE V-15 OVEN TEMP 500 F 208
EC-3706 WILLETT 2300-45 LABELJET 120V
EC-3704 WILLETT 2300 LABELJET 120V
WH-1021 LABELING SYSTEMS INC. 1061 W/ SATO BAR CODE
MK-5159 ROMAN WELDING TRANSFORMER 75KVA, 440V, 1PH
MK-5160 ROMAN WELDING TRANSFORMER 75KVA, 440V, 1PH
MK-5161 ROMAN WELDING TRANSFORMER 75KVA, 440V, 1PH
BT-4006 K-TRON FEEDER UNIT
MK-1207 RELIANCE ELECTRIC MAXPAK 3 VS DRIVE
MK-1176 SOGEL TRANSFORMER MODEL: 75T3H, 75 KVA
MK-5011 WTC-MEDWELD 3000S AC CONTROL M/N: 3003AW/T99004
EC-3705 WILLETT 2300-45 LABELJET 120V
BI-1004 NESLAB COOLFLOW MODEL: HX-500 RECIRCULATOR
EK-1138 CRANE 4021 DEMING PUMP, SIZE 1-1/2 M, DIA 10
EK-5030 MODICON 91-00918-01,92-?01569-00 PANELMATE PLUS
BS-1015 CRANE DEMING PUMP 3065-22556001
MK-120 REVCO SCIENTIFIC FREEZER MODEL#ULT1786-3?-A14
EM-118 FEDERAL MACHINE P1 - 12A SPOT WELDER 440V
EC-1203 BLUE M MODEL CW 6612 349 DEGREE C OVEN 1/3HP
EC-3633 INTERNATIONAL CENTERIFUGE PR-2 PORTABLE REFRIG
MK-5162 NACHI ROBOT CONTROLLER TYPE: AW, PARTS UNIT
MK-1202 CINCINNATI MILACRON SIMODRIVE
MK-1179 BELL & GOSSETT PUMP SIZE: 1510 BF 5.375, 150 GP
MK-1180 BELL & GOSSETT PUMP SIZE: 1510 BF 5.375, 150 GP
EC-1104 CRYOGENICS COMPRESSOR
EK-1078 ATLANTIC KELLY AHL 1000 ROCKER ARM , CAP 3000#
MK-269 HAWLETT PACKARD LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH
EK-1353 G&L TAILSTOCK ASSEMBLY LOT OF 2 T.1002.3783
EK-1222 SETCO. MASTER. WHITNOW 4309BY.26973 RPM MAX 809
EK-1221 SETCO. MASTER. WHITNOW 4309BY.29691 RPM MAX 809
EK-1330 DRILL UNIT EX-92J-HW MOTOR IS 1HP 3 PHASE
EK-1290 GIDDINGS LEWIS FA099261 PISTON TURNING MODULE
EK-1332 FORCE CONTROL INDUSTRIES 11-1E1-S5S5
AK-100 LUCIFER FURNACES 4012-0-3 1250F, 5KW, 230/1/60
AK-101 K.H. HUPPERT TYPE ATM 220 V S PH, 5 KW, STYLE 11
EK-1324 H.R. KRUEGER MACHINE TOOL SP-440-1200
EK-1289 GIDDING LEWIS FA099261 PISTON TURNING MODULE
EK-1049 MASCO HEADSTOCK ASSY 94-300-E092 / OHIO GEAR
EK-838 HALMAR ROBICON 3P-48350-OC/RR-?TC 480 LINE VOLTAG
EK-840 CUTLER HAMMER EJ130-4EP SOLID STATE REDUCED VOLT
EK-872 ITD AUTOMATION 26.50.39 M16 POWER SUPPLY & SERVO
EK-873 SPS PACIFIC TECHNOLOGIES SA602-001-01 SERVO AMPL
EC-3635 SPECTRA-PHYSICS 2560 LASER POWER SUPPLY
EK-515 CUTLER HAMMER C515HSE2B POWER POLE
EK-516 CUTLER HAMMER C515HSE2B POWER POLE
EC-4969 EX-CELL-O TOOL PRE-SETTER W/ ACU-RITE TABLE
EC-3010 NESLAB LTE-9 CHILLER UNIT
PD-2029 FOXBORO OVA-128 CENTRY ORGANIC VAPOR ANALYZER
EK-5005 MITSUBISHI FREQROL-Z200 INVERTER
GC-7014 FLOYD DRIVES MD4112 CONSTANT TENSION PAY-OUT
EK-599 LEE XL24-60-MOD SCISSOR LIFT, CENTER LOAD 4000
EK-1018 PROCESS SYSTEM PUMP
EK-1087 HANNIFIN PRESS MODEL M2A
EK-1247 POPE SPINDLE PB-1293-AQ
EK-1170 POPE SPINDLE AB-827-FA 3HP,3600 RPM, 3PH, 460V
EK-1083 LIFT TABLE W 60" X L 47"
EM-145 VICKERS HYDRAULIC POWER PACK 2hp
EC-4982 BROWN BOVERI T 7254 ELECTRONIC TUBE
EC-3557 CUTLER-HAMMER C799JE2 EXPLOSION PROOF BOX
EC-3558 CUTLER-HAMMER C799JE2 EXPLOSION PROOF BOX
EK-839 HALMAR ROBICON 3P.TRIGGER CRKT-TC 480 LINE VOLTA
EK-1452 GIDDINGS & LEWIS FA099261 PISTON TURNING MODULE
EK-790 PARKER HYDRAULIC VALVE D61VW11C4NYCF56?7 5000PSI
EK-786 UNIVERSAL FLOW MONITOR GDN-4-10-G-N-P-?L6826-22R
EC-3636 VARIAN 323-0012 CRYOCOMPRESSER 9777 HRS
EC-2207 PERKIN ELMER 373 ATOMIC ABSOR SPECTROPHOTOMET?ER
MK-1052 THERMAL CARE TEMP. CONTROL UNIT RA SERIES
EK-1501 INDRAMAT DSC 3.1-50-115V INDICATOR DIRECTORY
EK-808 PARKER HYDRAULICS D3W11CNYC56 LOT OF 3
MK-5150 ABB ROBOTIC CABLES MODEL: 3HAC 8430-3, KROSCHU
MW-06 SNOW MANUFACTURING TAPPER MODEL ST-2
MW-02 SNOW MANUFACTURING TAPPER MODEL ST-1
EK-718 JOSLYN CLARK 5005-3001-11 SIZE 5 CONTACTOR 3PH
GC-7015 FLOYD DRIVES MD4112 CONSTANT TENSION WIND-UP
EK-1436 INDRAMAT MAC112D0ED4C/13?0A0/WI520LX/S00?5 SERVO
EK-1244 TRI-WAY 1164-242 RPM 2347, MOUNTING HORIZ., STA
EK-1246 TRI-WAY 1163-246 RPM 1100,MOUNTING HORIZ., STA.
CE-125 SCENTOR AUTOMATED GAS CHROMATOGRAPH,
EK-1530 MODICON S74D-E00-ROVO SERVO MOTOR SHAFT
EK-1531 MODICON CGP31-R SERVO MOTOR SHAFT SIZE
EK-1529 PARKER 640 COMPUMOTOR SERVO 1600 RPM
EK-553 ALLEN BRADLEY 1771-HSN/B SERVO CONTROLLER
EK-1245 COLONIAL TOOL GROUP RIGIDITY AT SPEED DBL 075-
EK-825 PARKER HYDRAULICS D3W11CNYC56 VALVE 5000 PSI
EK-826 PARKER HYDRAULICS D3W11CNYC56 VALVE 5000 PSI
EK-829 PARKER HYDRAULICS D61VW11C4NYCF56?7 VALVE 3000PSI
EC-1501 POLYPAC SYSTEMS CENTER HYDRAULIC PUMP P86-859
MK-5205 PACO PUMP CAT: 16-25953-1301XX?-2682, GPM:100
MK-5206 PACO PUMP CAT: 16-25953-1301XX?-2682, GPM:100
MK-119 HARRIS DEEP FREEZER Model# DLT-17V-85DBA
EC-9009 RIVETT LATHERS & GRINDERS 84 DATE 9-67 1543
EC-3667 YOUNG F-04-ER-4P PART 161165 HEAT EXCHANGER
EC-3631 JUSTRITE NO. 25450 SAFETY STORAGE CABINET
EC-4154 WESTINGHOUSE DB 50 AMPTECTOR II CIRUIT BREAK
EC-4151 WESTINGHOUSE MODEL TR AMPTECTOR II CIRUIT BREAK
MK-1175 OLSUN TRANSFORMER MODEL: GT30NC-6, 30 KVA
EK-1217 INGERSOLL-RAND MICRO TAS/ MICRO TAS PLUS FASTEN
EK-1285 POPE SPINDLE AB-827-FA HP 3, RPM 3600, PH3,
EC-9029 HOBART RC-300 300 AMP,30VOLT, INPUT 230/460
EK-1370 CAMCO 500-IOC
EK-1338 LOGANSPORT DRAWBAR ACTUATOR
EK-1218 INGERSOLL-RAND MICRO TAS/ MICRO TAS PLUS FASTEN
EK-1243 POPE SPINDLE PB-129-AQ
EC-9030 HOBART RC-300 300 AMP,30VOLT, INPUT 230/460
EK-302 SECO TYPE CD 05 ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVE AC, INPUT
EK-1242 TRI-WAY 1163-254 RPM 170, MOUNTING HORIZ., STA.
EK-1240 COLONIAL TOOL GROUP PRECISION SPINDLES DBL 095-
EK-1171 GMN WHITNON SPINDLE 10-15 H.P.,3600-750
EK-970 AIR GAGE CO. A-109719 LOT OF 3 GAGE W/ MITUTOYO
DD-203 ABB EHW 160C STARTER SIZE W4 LOT OF 8
EK-1008 ADVANCE LIFTS AL636EWTT460 4000 LB
EK-1371 CAMCO 500-IOC
EK-1351 POPE SPINDLE AB-827-FA 3 HP, 3600 RPM, 230/460
EK-5002 SIERRA INSTRUMENTS 830L-2-0V1-D-V1 LOT OF 3
EK-517 IMPULSE 460AFD7.5 DRIVE UNIT 7.5 HP, 460 VOLT
EC-4973 SUPERIOR HONE MODEL JCP
SV-520 521 MATERIAL FEEDER ??? 2 PCS WITH ACTUATORS
EK-5037 INDRAMAT 162193 TPT CONTROLLER
EK-393 TELEMECANIQUE ATV18U41N4U AC SPEED DRIVE
EK-152 GIDDINGS & LEWIS SHEFFIELD MEASUREMENT LOT OF 3
EK-378 AMCI 2742 CONTROLLER PLC SERIES 1
EK-1291 GIDDINGS LEWIS FA099261 PISTON TURNING MODULE
EC-5069 TOSHIBA VT130G214110 TRANSISTOR INVERTER
EK-1475 MODICON CGP31-R BLESS SERVO MOTOR
EC-5001 RTE DELTEC AC POWER CONDITIONER MODEL SPC 5062
BS-1012 LIGHTNIN MIXER MOTOR 1.5HP 230/460
EC-5002 RTE DELTEC AC POWER CONDITIONER MODEL SPC 7562
EC-3029 MIXER UNIT W/ RELIANCE 2 HP MOTOR 208-240VOLT
CE-100 PERKIN-ELMER 503 ATOMIC ABSORBPTION SPECTROPHOTO
EK-503 ALLEN BRADLEY 2711-K5A2 PANELVIEW 550
MK-1109 KENNEDY VALVES LOT OF 2, 3" MODEL 200W, 250W
MK-1122 U.S. TSUBAKI ROLLER CHAIN LOT OF 6 M.N. BL1646
MK-1147 LOREN COOK BLOWER MODEL: 150 CPV 1HP, 200V
MK-1150 LOREN COOK BLOWER MODEL: 150 CPV 1HP, 200V
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