DSQC 351 3HNE 00006-1/07
一些研究探索了對(duì)此類系統(tǒng)的潛在網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，并提供了成功攻擊AVs組件的概念性證明，為深入了解AVs可能遭受的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊提供了一個(gè)框架。
這個(gè)討論區(qū)分了被動(dòng)攻擊和主動(dòng)攻擊。被動(dòng)攻擊是指車輛被騙做出錯(cuò)誤決定的行為。主動(dòng)攻擊是指車輛被明確指示或被迫做出錯(cuò)誤決定的攻擊。
1. 主動(dòng)攻擊
Koscher等人（2010年）對(duì)當(dāng)代汽車的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)分析。盡管他們的研究并不是針對(duì)AVs的安全性，但他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果仍然與AVs高度相關(guān)，因?yàn)榉治龅脑S多部件在大多數(shù)當(dāng)代車輛上都是通用的，包括自動(dòng)駕駛車輛。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)和道路測試，作者證明了黑客有能力滲透到車輛的任何ECU（電子控制單元）中，可以繞過關(guān)鍵安全系統(tǒng)來控制車輛的許多功能。所有進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)都假定攻擊者已經(jīng)利用漏洞進(jìn)入車輛部件。
Koscher等成功證明了針對(duì)幾個(gè)重要ECU的攻擊類型，包括對(duì)車身控制模塊（BCM）、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制模塊、負(fù)責(zé)控制車輛防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)（ABS）電子制動(dòng)控制模塊（EBCM）的攻擊等。
一般來說，還可利用逆向工程技術(shù)對(duì)其他模塊進(jìn)行了攻擊。研究人員指出，對(duì)這些模塊進(jìn)行逆向工程以找出要發(fā)送的指令和要處理的數(shù)據(jù)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)成功的攻擊，是非常容易的，盡管這些攻擊需要比討論的其他攻擊更復(fù)雜的技術(shù)。 示例：對(duì)車身控制模塊的攻擊
車身控制模塊（BCM）屬于ECU，負(fù)責(zé)控制構(gòu)成車身的各種自動(dòng)部件的功能。電動(dòng)車窗、電動(dòng)門鎖、擋風(fēng)玻璃雨刮器、后備箱、制動(dòng)燈等部件的功能都由車身控制模塊控制。表A.1顯示了車身控制模塊上演示的不同類型的攻擊。
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