人工智能的真正難題在于理解自然智能的工作原理。開發人工智能與制造人造心臟不同，科學家手中并沒有一個簡單而具體的模型可供參考。我們知道，大腦中含有上百億個神經元，我們的思考和學習是通過在不同的神經元之間建立電子連接來完成的。但是我們并不知道這些連接如何實現的推理能力，甚至對低層次操作的實現原理也并不知情。大腦神經網絡似乎復雜得不可理解。
因此，人工智能在很大程度上還只是理論。科學家們針對人類學習和思考的原理提出假說，然后利用機器人來實驗他們的想法。
正如機器人的物理設計是了解動物和人類解剖學的便利工具，對人工智能的研究也有助于理解自然智能的工作原理。對于某些機器人而言，這種見解是設計機器人的目標。其他人則在幻想一個人類與智能機器共同生活的世界，在這個世界里，人類使用各種小型機器人來從事手工勞動、健康護理和通信。許多機器人預言，機器人的進化最終將使我們徹底成為半機器人，即與機器融合的人類。有理由相信，未來的人類會將他們的思想植入強健的機器人體內，活上幾千年的時間！
無論如何，機器人都會在我們未來的日常生活中扮演重要的角色。在未來的幾十年里，機器人將逐漸擴展到工業和科學之外的領域，進入日常生活，這與計算機在20世紀80年代開始逐漸普及到家庭的過程類似。
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