140DAI54300
繼獲得硅碳負極新專利之后，華為在預鋰化技術上嶄露頭角。
3月23日，華為公開兩項鋰電池相關專利，分別為“一種正極預鋰化材料的制備方法、產物及應用”和“一種電化學過程制備預鋰化劑的方法”。
鋰離子電池充電會在負極表面形成固態電解質界面(SEI)，消耗了正極提供的部分活性鋰離子，導致電池的容量和能量密度降低。而在現有添加劑補鋰方案中，主要有正極補鋰和負極補鋰兩種。
正極補鋰主要使用富鋰材料如Li2NiO2，Li6CoO4，但這類材料的比容量相對較低。另一類鋰鹽如Li2C4O4、LiC2O2、Li2C3O5和Li2C4O6比容量較高，但在充電過程中會分解產氣。
針對現有技術缺陷和改進需求，華為的專利提供了一種正極預鋰化材料的制備方法（公布號：CN112542589A）。
通過對制備方法的整體工藝流程、反應原料的組成與配比等進行改進，相應能夠得到主要由Me單質、LiF和Li2O組成的Me/LiF/Li2O預鋰化劑，把該正極預鋰化添加劑添加到正極，能夠提升鋰離子電池的容量和能量密度。
此外，基于電化學原理，華為的另一項專利還提供了一種制備預鋰化劑的方法（公布號：CN112542581A），具體為：
選取活性材料以制備成電極作為工作電極，并以金屬鋰作為對電極，加入電解液組裝成電池；接著對電池進行放電處理，使工作電極鋰化；最后對電池進行拆解，分離并收集活性材料轉變后所得的物質，然后經清洗及干燥即可得到預鋰化劑材料。
（生產流程示意圖）
專利顯示，通過對制備方法的整體流程工藝進行改進，與現有技術相比，能夠有效解決預鋰化劑制備工藝復雜、安全性差、制備環境條件苛刻和難以量產等問題。
對于高能量密度鋰離子電池的負極材料（如硅碳)，由于庫倫效率低于傳統石墨，造成更多活性鋰離子損失，而預補鋰技術可以補齊硅碳負極庫倫效率過低的短板。
在國內，包括璞泰來、星城石墨、斯諾、杉杉、正拓等都在積極推進硅碳負極的產業化。而華為在硅碳負極領域的研究也早已涉足。上個月，華為公布了一項“硅碳復合材料及其制備方法和鋰離子電池”的專利。
值得注意的是，2021年以來，在提升電池能量密度、循環壽命，以及整車續航方面，包括寧德時代、國軒高科、蔚來汽車、智己汽車等在內的整車或電池企業，紛紛對硅負極材料和預鋰化技術出手。而華為能否借力在該領域的研究占得市場先機，值得期待。
140DAI54300
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140DAI54300
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