自動化測控系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)是3C（computer，control，communication）和1I（integration），目前又提出1S（solution）目標(biāo)，它的推動力是電控、儀控一體化和管控一體化。系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)相輔相成，共同達(dá)到在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上共享數(shù)據(jù)和信息的目的。系統(tǒng)集成一詞的流行始于上世紀(jì)80年代末、90年代初，現(xiàn)在Integrated System和System Integration的界限在逐漸模糊，這證明系統(tǒng)集成商和最終用戶掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的水平在提高，對各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)或現(xiàn)場總線互聯(lián)的接口卡的需求在擴(kuò)大。美國Woodhead公司、Prosoft公司等的幾十種接口卡產(chǎn)品和多協(xié)議網(wǎng)關(guān)（Modbus Ethernet TCP IP Profibus）可以滿足系統(tǒng)集成的需求。系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在OPC（過程控制的對象鏈接嵌入）、EDDL和FDT（關(guān)于互操作性）、IEC61131－3（關(guān)于組態(tài)）等3個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推動下，目前又向前發(fā)展，2003年發(fā)布了ISO15745標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它解決了系統(tǒng)集成的應(yīng)用需求和接口兩個(gè)基本問題。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全稱為：工業(yè)自動化系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)集成——開放系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用集成框架。它分為4部分，第1部分提出了開放系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用集成框架（AIF，application integration framework）。自動化測控系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往牽涉到它的第2、3、4部分，如會現(xiàn)場總線FF H1/FF HSE就與第3、4部分相關(guān)，所以它是異構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的組合，而多種異構(gòu)系統(tǒng)中，監(jiān)控層都采用了第4部分的以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，交換機(jī)為中心的星型結(jié)構(gòu)比較普遍地被采用，而且冗余技術(shù)、安全技術(shù)、質(zhì)量服務(wù)等都有較大提高。工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)時(shí)間已打倒5～10ms。這對于流程工業(yè)的控制系統(tǒng)（包括安全系統(tǒng)）、離散工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)（除去少數(shù)同步要求高的運(yùn)動控制系統(tǒng)），均可以滿足要求。所以有把握地說：實(shí)踐已經(jīng)證明，現(xiàn)場層采用FF H1等現(xiàn)場總線、監(jiān)控層采用一般工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)是成熟的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，將會在今后普遍被采用。
（1）在參考文獻(xiàn)中提到COTS，在信息系統(tǒng)中能把它作為設(shè)計(jì)原則，所以一般自動化測控系統(tǒng)更應(yīng)重視應(yīng)用COTS，把網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格降下來，使現(xiàn)場總線的“輔助設(shè)備”通用化。
（2）把自動化測控系統(tǒng)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需求進(jìn)行分類，首先在數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)中推廣COTS；針對不同行業(yè)的需求推廣不同的現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)；工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)推廣過程中，應(yīng)對工程應(yīng)用和開發(fā)并重。
（3）檢測儀表，執(zhí)行器的數(shù)字化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化是基礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)該在國內(nèi)大力開發(fā)這方面的新產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)要在國內(nèi)建立測試中心、認(rèn)證中心，開展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的工作，確保開放性、可操作性、可互換性，爭取成為國際上認(rèn)可的產(chǎn)品。
（4）在自動化行業(yè)中應(yīng)進(jìn)一步普及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，雖然已有十幾種相關(guān)書籍，但為用戶辦學(xué)習(xí)班等方式仍很重要。中國儀器儀表學(xué)會和北京合成網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司合作，在這方面為廣大用戶服務(wù)做出榜樣，值得推廣。
Allen Bradley 1769-IQ16
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Allen Bradley 1769-IQ16
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