USB軟件設(shè)計
USB接口開發(fā)中有相當大的工作量是關(guān)于USB軟件的開發(fā)，USB軟件包括三方面的工作：固件（firmware）設(shè)計，驅(qū)動程序設(shè)計和主機端應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計。
3．1 固件設(shè)計
固件是運行在CY7C68013上的程序，可采用匯編語言或C語言設(shè)計，其主要功能是控制 CY7C68013接收并處理USB驅(qū)動程序的請求（如請求設(shè)備描述符、請求或設(shè)置設(shè)備狀態(tài)，請求或設(shè)置設(shè)備接口等USB2.0標準請求）、控制 CY7C68013接收應(yīng)用程序的控制指令、通過CY7C68013存放數(shù)據(jù)并實時上傳至PC等。
本方案中的固件設(shè)計思路如下：
①使CY7C68013工作于異步從FIFO（Asynchronous Slave FIFO）模式。相應(yīng)的寄存器操作為：IFCONFIG=0xCB。
CY7C68013具有多種工作方式，除了可以作為能夠產(chǎn)生任意控制波形的主控芯片外，即使作為從設(shè)備，也可選擇異步還是同步方式。由于DSP的關(guān)系，本方案選擇異步從方式。
②將4KB的FIFO對應(yīng)兩個端點（EndPoint），即EndPoint2和EndPoint6。相應(yīng)的寄存器操作為：EP2CFG=0xA0，EP6CFG=0xF2。
EndPoint2與EndPoint6分別對應(yīng)2KB的內(nèi)裝中FIFO（下文分別稱為 FIFO2、FIFO6），存放USB需要上傳與接收的數(shù)據(jù)。其中EndPoint2為OUT型，負責從主機接收數(shù)據(jù)；EndPoint6為IN型，負責向主機發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。另外，EndPoint2與EndPoint6均采用批量（BULK）傳輸方式，這種方式相對于其它USB2.0定義的傳輸方式具有數(shù)據(jù)可靠、傳輸速率高等特點，是最常用的傳輸方式。
③對FIFO進行配置。相應(yīng)的寄存器操作為：EP2FIFOCFG=0x11，EP6FIFOCFG=0x0D。
本方案將FIFO2、FIFO6設(shè)置成自動方式。這里所謂“自動”，是指在數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸過程中，不需要CY7C68013的8051內(nèi)核參與。如有特殊需要可以設(shè)成手動方式，這樣8051就可以對數(shù)據(jù)進行修改，如圖6所示。另外還將FIFO配置成16位接口。
④其它操作。為了完善整個USB傳輸功能，提高固件的健壯性，還必須配以其它設(shè)計，這包括FIFO的自動清空復(fù)位，個性化命令等功能，在此就不進行詳細討論了。
3．2 驅(qū)動程序設(shè)計
USB系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動程序采用分層結(jié)構(gòu)模型，分別為較的USB設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序和較低級的USB 函數(shù)層。其中USB函數(shù)層由兩部分組成：較的通用串行總線驅(qū)動程序模塊（USBD）和較低級的主控制器驅(qū)動程序模塊（HCD）。在上述USB分層模塊中，USB函數(shù)層（USBD及HCD）由Windows提供，負責管理USB設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序和USB控制器之間的通信；加載及卸載USB驅(qū)動程序；與USB 設(shè)備通用端點（EndPoint）建立通信并執(zhí)行設(shè)備配置、數(shù)據(jù)與USB協(xié)議框架和打包格式的雙向轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)。目前Windows提供有多種USB設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序，但并不針對實時數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)備，因此USB設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序需由自己編寫。
開發(fā)USB設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序，可采用Numega公司的開發(fā)包Driver Works和Microsoft公司的2000DDK，并以VC++6.0作為輔助開發(fā)環(huán)境。Driver Works提供的驅(qū)動向?qū)В筛鶕?jù)用戶的需要，自動生成代碼框架，減少了開發(fā)的難度，縮短了開發(fā)的周期。但是，Cypress公司為了方便用戶開發(fā)USB 接口，在CY7C68013的開發(fā)包中提供了一個通用驅(qū)動程序，該程序可不加修改，經(jīng)DDK編譯后直接使用。在本設(shè)計方案中，采用的就是這個通用驅(qū)動程序。
3．3 應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計
主機應(yīng)用程序是主要實現(xiàn)從高速數(shù)據(jù)采集處理板該取處理后的數(shù)據(jù)、存儲、顯示處理結(jié)構(gòu)以及向數(shù)據(jù)采集處理板發(fā)送控制命令。在Windows 2000下，我們使用的應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)工具是VC++6.0。
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