SMC MGPM40-75Z PH玻璃電極的浸泡
PH玻璃電極在使用前必須在溶液中浸泡，其原因如下：
1、PH玻璃電極的膜只有在其表面形成很薄的水合凝膠層時(shí)，才能正常對(duì)氫離子作出響應(yīng)，電位與PH值的關(guān)系才能遵循能斯特方程。
2、PH玻璃電極在水中浸泡后，其不對(duì)稱(chēng)電位會(huì)下降并趨于穩(wěn)定，同時(shí)內(nèi)阻降低。
3、對(duì)于復(fù)合電極而言，在溶液中浸泡可使液接界保持潤(rùn)濕和暢通，液接界電位保持穩(wěn)定。
不同電極的浸泡方法不同：
1、對(duì)于非復(fù)合PH玻璃電極，一般可采用蒸餾水（或去離子水）、PH值為4．00的緩沖液或0．01mol／L的鹽酸溶液浸泡。浸泡的時(shí)間根據(jù)膜的厚薄，膜的形狀及電極老化程度而定。厚的膜，電極使用時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，其浸泡時(shí)間也較長(zhǎng)，一般為8～24h。錐型電極由于其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，浸泡時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，溶液溫度高比溫度低浸泡效果好，但切忌浸泡在堿性溶液中。
2、對(duì)于復(fù)合PH電極，浸泡溶液與上述不同，通常浸泡在與外參比溶液相同的溶液中，切忌浸泡在蒸餾水或去離子水中。浸泡方法不對(duì)，好的電極性能會(huì)變壞。當(dāng)復(fù)合PH電極浸泡在蒸餾水或去離子水中時(shí)，外參比溶液會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)液接界滲漏到蒸餾水或去離子水中，此時(shí)，溶解在氯化鉀溶液中的銀絡(luò)合離子，在外界氯離子濃度突然降低到接近零的情況下，會(huì)重新生成氯化銀，沉淀在液接界部位，阻塞液接界，使外參比溶液不能正常滲漏，造成液接界電位不穩(wěn)定，電極內(nèi)阻增高，電極性能變壞，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)使電極無(wú)法工作。
二、PH電極的檢查
1、外觀檢查
膜玻璃是否有刻痕、裂縫。
電極的內(nèi)參比溶液是否渾濁、發(fā)霉（有絮狀物）。
復(fù)合電極外參比電極的液接界部位是否堵塞，一般可從顏色變化來(lái)加以判斷。
電極的引出線及插頭是否完好，特別是電極的插頭應(yīng)該干燥、清潔。
如果出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象，會(huì)影響電極的性能。
2、性能檢查
PH電極的技術(shù)指標(biāo)主要有：零電位的PH值，電極內(nèi)阻，堿誤差，響應(yīng)時(shí)間，百分理論斜率（PTS）。
當(dāng)電極的百分理論斜率低于90％時(shí)，建議更換電極。通常在模擬電路PH計(jì)中，調(diào)節(jié)“斜率校準(zhǔn)”電位器，顯示值達(dá)不到校準(zhǔn)緩沖溶液所需的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時(shí)，需更換電極。在帶有微處理器的PH計(jì)中，百分理論斜率由計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)計(jì)算。當(dāng)電極的百分理論斜率低于90％時(shí)，為保證測(cè)量的準(zhǔn)確性，建議更換電極。
三、低溫下PH值的測(cè)量
1、低溫下PH值玻璃電極的內(nèi)阻急劇增大（呈數(shù)量級(jí)增大），儀器的輸入阻抗與其不匹配，從而產(chǎn)生測(cè)量誤差，其次由于內(nèi)阻增大，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生干擾信號(hào)。
2、低溫下PH玻璃電極的響應(yīng)變慢，達(dá)到平衡時(shí)間增加。
3、在低溫低于零度的條件下，必須選用低內(nèi)阻PH電極。
四、純水PH值的測(cè)量
因?yàn)榧兯碾x子強(qiáng)度低，電極響應(yīng)慢，不容易達(dá)到平衡。而且純水的電導(dǎo)率低，電極內(nèi)阻大，具有絕緣體性能，容易受到外界電磁場(chǎng)的干擾，影響測(cè)量的穩(wěn)定性和準(zhǔn)確性。測(cè)量純水的PH值時(shí)，液接界電位的影響顯得突出，電極校準(zhǔn)溶液和被測(cè)溶液（純水）的組成相差很大，參比電極的液接界電位在兩種溶液中差異很大，會(huì)引起較大測(cè)量誤差。
所以，測(cè)量純水的PH值時(shí)，用低內(nèi)阻的電極提高響應(yīng)速度，降低電磁干擾。或?qū)y(cè)量池進(jìn)行密封，或采用流動(dòng)測(cè)量的方法，避免純水被污染，穩(wěn)定液接界電位。
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