Nortec 163-4211 PWM的理論基礎為 面積等效原理， 即將形狀不同但面積相等的窄脈沖相加之于線性慣性環節時，得到的輸出效果基本相同。當采用標準正弦波作為PWM調制信號時，就稱SPWM。SPWM有單極性和雙極性之分，由載波決定。
圖1 H橋逆變電路
圖2 雙極性SPWM示意圖
在講具體原理之前，先聲明幾個概念：1、三角載波信號頻率與正弦調制信號頻率之比稱為載波比，可以用表示，
2、正弦調制信號與三角波信號的幅值之比稱為調制深度，3、把一定幅值的直流電壓與可以逆變產生的交流輸出電壓基波幅值之比稱為直流電壓利用率。通常采用與想比較的方法生成PWM信號：當時，功率開關S1、S3導通，逆變電流輸出等于；當時，功率開關S2、S4導通，逆變電流輸出等于。每半個開關周期（即半個正弦調制信號周期）內輸出電壓波形僅為，因此稱為雙極性SPWM。當，且時，可知基波電壓的幅值滿足下列關系這表明在和的條件下，SPWM逆變輸出的電壓的基波幅值隨調制深度線性變化，因此通過控制調制信號，便可調節逆變器輸出電壓（指基波）的頻率和幅值。可以看出，當時，單相雙極性SPWM的直流電壓利用率為100%。
圖3 時的仿真圖
圖4 圖3波形的FFT分析
Nortec 163-4211
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