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SGDR-SDA060A01B 作為一種新型動力技術，鋰電池在使用中必須串聯才能達到使用電壓的需求，單體性能的參差不齊并不全緣于電池生產技術問題，即使每只電池出廠時電壓，內阻完全一致，使用一段時間以后，也會產生差異，這使得解決動力電池充電技術問題成為迫切需要解決的技術問題。本設計在充分考慮工業成本控制和穩定性要求的基礎上，采用能耗型部分分流法對動力鋰電池充電進行均衡管理，改善了電池組充電的不平衡性，提高了工作性能。

1 鋰電池組充電方案選擇

1. 1 單節鋰電池充電要求

對單節鋰離子電池的充電要求（ GB/ T18287 -2000） 首先是恒流充電，即電流一定，而電池電壓隨著充電過程逐步升高，當電池端電壓達到4. 2 V （4. 1V） ，改恒流充電為恒壓充電，即電壓一定，電流根據電芯的飽和程度，隨著充電過程的繼續逐步減小，當減小到10 mA 時，認為充電終止，充電曲線如圖1 所示。

圖1 鋰電池充電曲線

1. 2 鋰電池組充電特性

在動力電池組中由于各單體電池之間存在不一致性。連續的充放電循環導致的差異，將使某些單體電池的容量加速衰減，串聯電池組的容量是由單體電池的最小容量決定的，因此這些差異將使電池組的使用壽命縮短。造成這種不平衡的主要原因有：

●電池制作過程中，由于工藝等原因，同批次電池的容量、內阻等存在差異；

●電池自放電率的不同，經長時間積累，造成電池容量的差異；

●電池使用過程中，使用環境如溫度、電路板的差異，導致電池容量的不平衡。

1. 3 充電方案選擇

為了減小不平衡性對鋰電池組的影響，在充電過程中，要使用均衡電路。

目前對于鋰電池組進行均衡管理的方案主要有2種，能耗型和回饋型。能耗型是指給各個單體電池提供并聯支路，將電壓過高的單體電池通過分流轉移電能達到均衡目的。回饋型是指通過能量轉換器將單體之間的偏差能量饋送回電池組或電池組中的某些單體。

理論上，當忽略轉換效率時，回饋不消耗能量，可實現動態均衡。但由于回饋型設計控制方法復雜，制造成本較高，本充電器采用能耗型設計。

能耗型按能量回路處理方式又可以分為斷流和分流。斷流指在監控單體電壓變化的基礎上，滿足一定條件時把單體電池的充電回路斷開，充電電流完全通過旁路電阻。通過機械觸點或電力電子部件組成的開關矩陣，動態改變電池組內單體之間的連接結構。而分流并不斷開工作回路，而是給每只電池增加一個旁路電阻，當某單體電池高于組內其他電池時，將充電電流的全部或一部分導入旁路電阻。從而實現對各個單體電池的均衡充電。 由于動力鋰電池組功率較大，在綜合考慮充電效率，熱管理等方面因素之后，我們使用部分分流法為充電器的設計方案。

SGDR-SDA060A01B 


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Polytec OFV-071 and OFV-072 for MSV-050/100 Microscope

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Detection Technology X-Scan F2-0.8-410 X-ray subsystem

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OKUMA Servo Drive Spindle Drive MIV45-3-V5 1006-2261

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