3UF7935-0AA00-0 逆變器是常用電子器件，在電子行業，逆變器更是炙手可熱。對于逆變器，小編在往期文章中也有所介紹。逆變器基本概念、單相逆變器、并網逆變器等，小編均有所介紹。為增進大家對逆變器的了解程度，本文將對逆變器的常見故障予以闡述。
一、什么是逆變器
逆變器是把直流電能（電池、蓄電瓶）轉變成定頻定壓或調頻調壓交流電（一般為220V，50Hz正弦波）的轉換器。它由逆變橋、控制邏輯和濾波電路組成。廣泛適用于空調、家庭影院、電動砂輪、電動工具、縫紉機、DVD、VCD、電腦、電視、洗衣機、抽油煙機、冰箱，錄像機、按摩器、風扇、照明等。在國外因汽車的普及率較高外出工作或外出旅游即可用逆變器連接蓄電池帶動電器及各種工具工作。通過點煙器輸出的車載逆變是20W 、 40W、 80W、 120W到150W 功率規格。再大一些功率逆變電源要通過連接線接到電瓶上。把家用電器連接到電源轉換器的輸出端就能在汽車內使用各種電器。可使用的電器有：手機、筆記本電腦、數碼攝像機、照像機、照明燈、電動剃須刀、CD機、游戲機、掌上電腦、電動工具、車載冰箱及各種旅游、野營、醫療急救電器等。逆變器在工作時其本身也要消耗一部分電力，因此，它的輸入功率要大于它的輸出功率。逆變器的效率即是逆變器輸出功率與輸入功率之比，即逆變器效率為輸出功率比上輸入功率。如一臺逆變器輸入了100瓦的直流電，輸出了90瓦的交流電，那么，它的效率就是90%。
二、逆變器常見故障
（一）絕緣阻抗低
使用排除法。把逆變器輸入側的組串全部拔下，然后逐一接上，利用逆變器開機檢測絕緣阻抗的功能，檢測問題組串，找到問題組串后重點檢查直流接頭是否有水浸短接支架或者燒熔短接支架，另外還可以檢查組件本身是否在邊緣地方有黑斑燒毀導致組件通過邊框漏電到地網。
（二）母線電壓低
如果出現在早/晚時段，則為正常問題，因為逆變器在嘗試極限發電條件，如果出現在正常白天，檢測方法依然為排除法，檢測方法與1項相同。
（三）漏電流故障
漏電流太大，取下PV陣列輸入端，然后檢查外圍的AC電網，直流端和交流端全部斷開，讓逆變器停電30分鐘，如果自己能恢復使用就繼續使用，如果不能恢復，就要聯系專業工程師。
（四）直流過壓保護
隨著組件追求高效率工藝改進，功率等級不斷更新上升，同時組件開路電壓與工作電壓也在上漲，設計階段必須考慮溫度系數問題，避免低溫情況出現過壓導致設備硬損壞。
（五）逆變器開機無響應
請確保直流輸入線路沒有接反，一般直流接頭有防呆效果，但是壓線端子沒有防呆效果，仔細閱讀逆變器說明書確保正負極后再壓接是很重要的。逆變器內置反接短路保護，在恢復正常接線后正常啟動。
（六）電網故障
前期電網重載（用電量大工作時間）/輕載（用電量少休息時間）的工作就在這里體現出來，提前并網點電壓的健康情況，與逆變器廠商溝通電網情況做技術結合能保證項目設計在合理范圍內，特別是農村電網，逆變器對并網電壓，并網波形，并網距離都是有嚴格要求的，出現電網過壓問題多數原因在于原電網輕載電壓超過或接近安規保護值，如果并網線路過長或壓接不好導致線路阻抗/感抗過大，電站是無法正常穩定運行的。
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