TB521-ETH 1SAP112100R0170
FUZZY-PID均流控制器設計
由于并聯電源系統的強耦合、非線性特性，其均流控制器的PID參數整定非常困難甚至根本無法整定，很難在工程上找到同時滿足穩定性和動態性能要求的解決方案。因此，借助于智能控制不依賴被控對象精確數學模型的特點，本文介紹一種新型智能均流控制器設計方案，在PID調節器中引入模糊控制，在實現并聯模塊均流的同時，進一步提高系統的動靜態性能指標。
均流控制器結構
基于FUZZY-PID控制的CSC結構（圖2）采用二維模糊控制器結構，以均流誤差e和誤差變化e作為輸入量，u為輸出控制量。此時，模糊控制器的控制量成為電流誤差和誤差變化的非線性函數，它具有類似PD調節器的控制效果，系統動態特性有所改善，而靜態性能并不令人滿意，系統無法完全消除穩態誤差；再加之模糊控制固有的死區現象，使穩態誤差進一步擴大。另外，在模糊變量分級不夠多的情況下，常常在平衡點附近有振蕩現象。為克服這些問題，系統又引入誤差信號的積分分離、前饋控制算法，以消除穩態誤差。
模糊控制器設計
通常模糊控制規則由總結實際操作經驗而得來，但對于并聯電源系統這種特定對象，要總結人工控制經驗比較困難，因此本設計考慮將上述經典PID控制策略模糊化，得到所需控制規則。
定義輸入量e和e的模糊集為：{負（N）、零（Z）、正（P）}，控制量u的模糊集為{負大（NB）、負小（NS）、零（Z）、正小（PS）、正大（PB）}，對應隸屬函數均為三角型（圖3）。基于式（2）PID知識的模糊變量賦值按以下過程建立：因PID調節器的比例與微分系數之比kp/kd=200，若e的變化范圍是［-1，1］，則可以確定e的變化范圍是［-200，200］。如果e是負（-1），且e也是負（-200），那么基于PID的模糊推理結果即控制量u約是-40，也就是說u值論域中的負大（NB）對應于-40。依此類推，可獲得其余推理結果，模糊控制表如表1所示。
圖3隸屬函數
表1模糊控制規則表
實驗與結論
這里就三個BUCKDC/DC電源模塊并聯系統進行仿真實驗研究。圖4a和圖4b分別是70%負載條件下CSC采用PID調節器和FUZZY-PID調節器時系統的階躍響應波形，從中可以看出：
圖4并聯電源系統階躍響應圖
（1）基于FUZZY-PID均流調節器的電源系統中各模塊電流波形幾乎完全一致，而在PID調節作用下各模塊電流波形差別較大，這說明FUZZY-PID控制的穩定性好，穩態精度高，動態響應快且無超調。
系統主電路
逆變主電路為交-直-交電壓型，整流側為單相二極管不可控型。這種方式不僅控制簡單，而且系統具有較高的功率因數。為減小裝置體積，減少諧波，提高電流波形質量。逆變功率元件采用高開關頻率的三菱電機公司第三代智能功率模塊PM20CSJ060。該模塊為六合一封裝，內部為三相橋式電路結構，內部集成了高速、低功耗的IGBT芯片及其驅動、保護電路。此外，該模塊還集成了過熱和欠壓鎖定保護電路，使得系統的可靠性得到進一步提高。控制電路上的LF2407芯片輸出的六路空間矢量信號SVPWM經光耦6N136實現對IPM隔離驅動，再將整流濾波后的直流電壓逆變為所需的高頻交流電驅動永磁空調壓縮機。
系統中還有電流檢測電路，采用霍爾電流傳感器檢測永磁電機A、C兩相，再利用采樣電阻和多級運放將電流信號處理為在0～5V間變化的模擬電壓信號，與集成在LF2407內的A/D轉換器外引腳相連接。由于無位置傳感器技術無法知道轉子的初始位置，永磁電機也只有在起動后才能工作在無位置傳感器狀態下，所以用光電式旋轉編碼器來實現轉子初始位置的檢測。其它的保護電路由LF2407的事件管理器來實現，一旦系統出現故障，片內固化的中斷程序將自動切斷系統的SVPWM輸出，直到故障消失和系統復位。
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