Siemens 1FK7043-7AK71-1GH0
詳細過程文字描述：
1.首先A（192.168.0.1）通過子網(wǎng)掩碼（255.255.255.0）計算出自己與F（192.168.2.2）并不在同一個子網(wǎng)內(nèi)，于是決定發(fā)送給默認網(wǎng)關(guān)（192.168.0.254）2.A通過ARP找到默認網(wǎng)關(guān)192.168.0.254的MAC地址。3.A將源MAC地址（AAAA）與網(wǎng)關(guān)MAC地址（ABAB）封裝在數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層頭部，又將源IP地址（192.168.0.1）和目的IP地址（192.168.2.2）（注意這里千萬不要以為填寫的是默認網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址，從始至終這個數(shù)據(jù)包的兩個IP地址都是不變的，只有MAC地址在不斷變化）封裝在網(wǎng)絡(luò)層頭部，然后發(fā)包
4.交換機1收到數(shù)據(jù)包后，發(fā)現(xiàn)目標MAC地址是ABAB，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給路由器15.數(shù)據(jù)包來到了路由器1，發(fā)現(xiàn)其目標IP地址是192.168.2.2，查看其路由表，發(fā)現(xiàn)了下一跳的地址是192.168.100.56.所以此時路由器1需要做兩件事，件是再次匹配路由表，發(fā)現(xiàn)匹配到了端口為2，于是將其封裝到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層，最后把包從2號口發(fā)出去。7.此時路由器2收到了數(shù)據(jù)包，看到其目的地址是192.168.2.2，查詢其路由表，匹配到端口號為1，準備從1號口把數(shù)據(jù)包送出去。8.但此時路由器2需要知道192.168.2.2的MAC地址了，于是查看其arp緩存，找到其MAC地址為FFFF，將其封裝在數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層頭部，并從1號端口把包發(fā)出去。9.交換機3收到了數(shù)據(jù)包，發(fā)現(xiàn)目的MAC地址為FFFF，查詢其MAC地址表，發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該從其6號端口出去，于是從6號端口把數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)出去。10.F最終收到了數(shù)據(jù)包！并且發(fā)現(xiàn)目的MAC地址就是自己，于是收下了這個包更詳細且精準的過程：
讀到這相信大家已經(jīng)很累了，理解上述過程基本上網(wǎng)絡(luò)層以下的部分主流程就基本疏通了。
每一步包的傳輸都會有各層的原始數(shù)據(jù)，以及專業(yè)的過程描述
同時在此基礎(chǔ)之上你也可以設(shè)計自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)，進行各種實驗，來加深網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸過程的理解。
后記
至此，經(jīng)過物理層、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)層這前三層的協(xié)議，以及根據(jù)這些協(xié)議設(shè)計的各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備（網(wǎng)線、集線器、交換機、路由器），理論上只要擁有對方的IP地址，就已經(jīng)將地球上任意位置的兩個節(jié)點連通了。
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