Tucker B346 E 110 344 TMP 1000 A~路由器這段的包如下：
路由器到C這段的包如下：
好了，上面說的兩種情況（A->B，A->C），相信細(xì)心的讀者應(yīng)該會有不少疑問，下面我們一個個來展開。
A給C發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包，怎么知道是否要通過路由器轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)呢？
：子網(wǎng)
如果源IP與目的IP處于一個子網(wǎng)，直接將包通過交換機(jī)發(fā)出去。
如果源IP與目的IP不處于一個子網(wǎng)，就交給路由器去處理。
好，那現(xiàn)在只需要解決，什么叫處于一個子網(wǎng)就好了。
192.168.0.1和192.168.0.2處于同一個子網(wǎng)
192.168.0.1和192.168.1.1處于不同子網(wǎng)
這兩個是我們?nèi)藶橐?guī)定的，即我們想表示，對于192.168.0.1來說：
192.168.0.xxx開頭的，就算是在一個子網(wǎng)，否則就是在不同的子網(wǎng)。
那對于計(jì)算機(jī)來說，怎么表達(dá)這個意思呢？于是人們發(fā)明了子網(wǎng)掩碼的概念
假如某臺機(jī)器的子網(wǎng)掩碼定為255.255.255.0
這表示，將源IP與目的IP分別同這個子網(wǎng)掩碼進(jìn)行與運(yùn)算，相等則是在一個子網(wǎng)，不相等就是在不同子網(wǎng)，就這么簡單。
比如
A電腦：192.168.0.1&255.255.255.0=192.168.0.0
B電腦：192.168.0.2&255.255.255.0=192.168.0.0
C電腦：192.168.1.1&255.255.255.0=192.168.1.0
D電腦：192.168.1.2&255.255.255.0=192.168.1.0
那么A與B在同一個子網(wǎng)，C與D在同一個子網(wǎng)，但是A與C就不在同一個子網(wǎng)，與D也不在同一個子網(wǎng)，以此類推。
所以如果A給C發(fā)消息，A和C的IP地址分別&A機(jī)器配置的子網(wǎng)掩碼，發(fā)現(xiàn)不相等，則A認(rèn)為C和自己不在同一個子網(wǎng)，于是把包發(fā)給路由器，就不管了，之后怎么轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，A不關(guān)心。
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