FBM204電纜
去年12月，QuantumScape發布消息，宣稱公司取得令人矚目的成績。它開發出新型鋰金屬電池，這種電池只要15分鐘就能充滿電，裝進汽車，當汽車行駛24萬英里之后，還能保持90%剩余電量。在一項測試中，電池甚至只要2分鐘就能充滿。一時間，華爾街和電池研究社區沸騰了。
不久前，QuantumScape的兩位創始人接受采訪，但他們似乎只想談論一件事：公司是如何打敗枝晶的？
QuantumScapeCEOJagdeepSingh和CFOTimHolme解釋說，公司找到了引發枝晶的準確原因，隨后研究人員開發一種材料，它可以在枝晶”成長“之前克制。如果研究成果真的有效，它會是1991年鋰離子電池商業化之后電池領域最重要的突破。Singh說：“我們很幸運，最終開發出這樣一種材料。團隊發現了它。還有，團隊可以用低成本大規模制造這種材料。如果做不到這一點，那就沒有意義。”
在過去幾年里，QuantumScape是一家很神秘的公司，它拒絕透露最基本的細節。去年9月，QuantumScape在紐交所上市，大家開始走近它。盡管如此，對于這種關鍵的分離材料（在兩極之間的薄膜片），QuantumScape仍然保持沉默。
有一個問題值得我們思考：Bannister時刻真的來了嗎？從19世紀開始，全球賽跑教練和運動員都在努力，試圖達成一個目標：在4分鐘以內跑完1英里。1954年，一位25歲的英國醫學院學生沖破極限，他叫RogerBannister。可惜新紀錄并沒有保持多久。46天之后，澳大利亞運動員又刷新紀錄，年，在一次比賽中居然有3位選手也達到目標。在隨后的幾年里，又有1400多人達到。由此可以看出，在4分鐘內跑完1英里這個障礙只是意識上的，并非做不到。
枝晶只是意識上的障礙嗎？其它企業也能打敗嗎？
2009年，Singh想發明新電池。當時他是Infinera光網絡公司的CEO和創始人，Singh辭去工作，向理想挺進。Singh在斯坦福大學拿到計算機學位，在那里結識了材料學教授Holme和FritzPrinz。年，QuantumScape公司創建。
Singh說：“我們當時并不知道應該如何制造更棒的電池，我們只是想增加能量密度，加快充電速度，增強安全性，等等。”不只如此，制造必須便宜，電池內不能有稀土或者稀有材料（比如鍺、鉑、鈀），制造必須可以持續，用現有鋰離子電池制造機器就能生產。
很快Singh就得出結論，要造出超級電池，的選擇是鋰。但是鋰金屬極為活躍，目前的電動汽車電池也是鋰電池，但里面只有少量鋰，放在安全的石墨陽極中。為了制造純鋰金屬電池，大多研究人員會開發固態分離器，防止液態電解質破壞鋰金屬。Singh的目標也是一樣的，為了制造新電池，他融資1.5億美元。沒多久，QuantumScape就招募了大約100名工程師。Holme團隊將所有可能的材料列出來，看看哪種材料能夠制造的分離器。
Singh說：“很可惜，所有材料都會形成枝晶。這是挑戰，也是挑戰。”一年過去了，然后是兩年，三年。2014年Singh絕望了，團隊其它人也絕望了。Singh用照片展示枝晶，他說：“真是一張讓人恐懼的圖片。這里是固體分離器，但它無法阻止枝晶。在圖片你可以看到鋰金屬穿過材料，上面的灰色區域說明鋰已經滲透到材料中。”
沒有一種材料有用。Singh回憶道：“當時我們陷入黑暗時刻。公司融了不少錢，但看不到隧道盡頭有光。你不知道正確的行動應該是怎樣的。現金躺在賬戶上。是不是應該繼續投資？是不是應該告訴投資者：‘伙計，錢還給你，項目行不通。’”
Holme將所有人集中，對他們說：“沒有時間了。將工作放下，所有人都聽著，現在我們要開始解決枝晶問題。如果問題不解決，我們就不會有產品，不會有公司。”在整整一年里，工程團隊所有人都圍著枝晶問題轉。他們收集所有枝晶形成的理論。最開始他們認為只要分離器足夠硬，枝晶就不會穿透并導致電池短路；但后來他們發現并非如此，即使是堅硬的陶瓷，鋰也能穿透。無奈之下，研究人員只好開發軟分離器，但同樣不管用。
最終研究人員拋棄所有文獻。Singh說：“我們必須回到主要原則，就枝晶的形成原因提出自己的理論。我們要開發自己的計量技術，評估技術和材料質量，因為事實已經證明，有東西引起枝晶，但普通的計量技術甚至都無法評估。”
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