6ES7 195-7HC00-0AX0 月球南極和背面常被視為探月科考的理想地區(qū)，比如嫦娥四號已經(jīng)成功登陸了月背，未來嫦娥七號也將登陸月球南極。但由于這些地區(qū)與地面之間沒有直接的可視和傳輸路徑，因此必須要靠軌道上的中繼衛(wèi)星來與地面站建立通信，將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸回地面，這也就是嫦娥四號月球探測器為何需要鵲橋中繼星的原因。
鵲橋經(jīng)久耐用的原因
自2018年5月21日發(fā)射成功，6月14日進入地月拉格朗日L2點的使命軌道以來，鵲橋已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了3年的服役周期，這已經(jīng)超過了最初設(shè)計的使用年限，那么鵲橋為何能長時間運轉(zhuǎn)呢？
鵲橋基于中國空間技術(shù)研究院旗下的航天東方紅衛(wèi)星有限公司的CAST100小型衛(wèi)星打造，太陽能電源系統(tǒng)采用了三結(jié)砷化鎵太陽能電池，輸出功率可達780W。
鵲橋的飛行軌跡 / 航天東方紅衛(wèi)星
設(shè)計之初，為了確保鵲橋能夠在太空中正常運轉(zhuǎn)，工程師們在這上面花費了大量的時間。總設(shè)計師張立華提到，他們花了兩年多的時間研制，在不到四個月的時間里在地面進行了1300多個小時的測試。因為在中繼星運行的過程中，不僅需要抵抗輻射，還要不時經(jīng)過一段長達四個多小時的陰影區(qū)，溫度可至零下230攝氏度，這對以及其中的元件穩(wěn)定性與可靠性來說都是極大的考驗。
除此之外，在與發(fā)射器分離后，鵲橋并非直接被架設(shè)在軌道上，而是被放置在一個月球借力飛行軌道上，這也就是為何直到6月14號才進入使命軌道的原因。這么做固然會耗費一定的時間，但同時也節(jié)省了能源和燃料。在定期在軌維護后，衛(wèi)星還有近8年的壽命。
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