YASKAWA JANCD-MIF01 隨著微電子技術(shù)的不斷創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展，嵌入式系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)廣泛滲透到科學(xué)研究?工程設(shè)計?國防軍事?自動化控制領(lǐng)域以及人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹姆椒矫婷?由嵌入式微控制器組成的系統(tǒng)其最明顯的優(yōu)勢就是可以嵌入到任何微型或小型儀器和設(shè)備中?
嵌入式系統(tǒng)是指將應(yīng)用程序?操作系統(tǒng)與計算機硬件集成在一起的系統(tǒng)?它以應(yīng)用為中心?以計算機技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，而且軟硬件可以裁剪，因而是能滿足應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)對功能?可靠性?成本?體積和功耗的嚴(yán)格要求的專用計算機系統(tǒng)？1？?嵌入式系統(tǒng)與通信?網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的結(jié)合可以極大地增強網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能化與靈活性，拓展通信功能，從而實現(xiàn)各種通信系統(tǒng)之間的互聯(lián)互通?本文給出一種適合于中/低端應(yīng)用的通信平臺設(shè)計方案，它可支持Ethernet網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，并且具有RS232? RS485? USB等接口?文中圍繞嵌入式uClinux環(huán)境設(shè)計了基于嵌入式通信微處理器S3C44B0X的硬件通信平臺，從而實現(xiàn)了嵌入式Socket通信?
1 嵌入式網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)
作為一類特殊的計算機系統(tǒng)， 嵌入式系統(tǒng)通常由嵌入式處理器?嵌入式外圍設(shè)備?嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)和嵌入式應(yīng)用軟件等幾大部分組成?嵌入式處理器是嵌入式系統(tǒng)的核心部件，它可分為嵌入式微處理器?嵌入式微控制器?嵌入式DSP（Digital Signal Processor）和高度集成的嵌入式SoC（System on Chip）?嵌入式外圍設(shè)備是指嵌入式硬件系統(tǒng)中除中心控制部件以外的存儲?通信?保護?調(diào)試?顯示等其它輔助部件?嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)一般在比較大型或需要多任務(wù)的應(yīng)用場合才考慮使用，它可方便嵌入式應(yīng)用軟件的設(shè)計，大大提高嵌入式系統(tǒng)的功能，但同時也要占用寶貴的嵌入式資源?嵌入式應(yīng)用軟件和普通的應(yīng)用軟件有一定的區(qū)別，它是針對特定的實際專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?基于相應(yīng)的嵌入式硬件平臺?能完成用戶預(yù)期任務(wù)的計算機軟件?
嵌入式處理器有許多種流行的處理器核，本文主要介紹采用Samsung公司基于ARM公司32位RISC的ARM7TDMI核的S3C44B0X處理器來進行Socket通信的軟硬件平臺的設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)方法?
S3C44B0X是高性價比?高性能的微控制器，它采用ARM7TDMI核，可工作在66MHz?ARM7TDMI是一種32位嵌入式RISC處理器，但也配備了16位壓縮指令集Thumb?它支持片上調(diào)試，允許處理器響應(yīng)調(diào)試請求暫停，芯片內(nèi)的增強型乘法器（multiplier）可進行兩個32位數(shù)相乘從而直接產(chǎn)生64位結(jié)果，也可為嵌入式ICE硬件提供片上斷點和調(diào)試點支持?此外，它還可以提供三級流水線及馮？諾依曼結(jié)構(gòu)?實際上，S3C44B0X已在ARM7TDMI內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上擴展了一系列完整的通用外圍器件?圖1所示是一種嵌入式網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信系統(tǒng)的硬件體系結(jié)構(gòu)?
2 外圍電路設(shè)計
作為優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制器，基于S3C44B0X處理器的系統(tǒng)必須要有一個與之匹配的控制芯片?這里，筆者選用了Cirrus logic公司的CS8900A?CS8900A是一個單芯片全雙工的以太網(wǎng)解決方案，片內(nèi)集成了用于完成以太網(wǎng)電路所必需的所有模擬和數(shù)字電路?圖2為系統(tǒng)中的CS8900A以太網(wǎng)接口電路?圖中的信號發(fā)送和接收端通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)隔離變壓器和RJ45接口接入傳輸媒體?另外，為了系統(tǒng)能夠正常工作，還需要外接一個20MHz的晶振?
3 基于uCliunx的Socket通信
本系統(tǒng)的軟件是基于嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)uClinux而設(shè)計的?uClinux是一個完全符合GNU/GPL公約的操作系統(tǒng)，它與UNIX系統(tǒng)兼容，其代碼完全開放?uClinux是在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Linux基礎(chǔ)上進行適當(dāng)裁剪和優(yōu)化后的操作系統(tǒng)，uClinux是一個高度優(yōu)化?代碼緊湊的Linux的嵌入式子集?雖然體積很小，但仍然保留了Linux的大多數(shù)優(yōu)點，如：穩(wěn)定?良好的移植性;優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能;對各種文件系統(tǒng)的完備支持，以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)豐富的API等?uClinux是專門面向沒有存儲器管理單元（MMU）的處理器的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)，并且專為嵌入式系統(tǒng)做了許多小型化工作，它可以直接在Flash上運行，也可以加載到內(nèi)存中運行?u-Cliunx帶有一個完整的TCP/IP協(xié)議，同時也支持其他許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，對于嵌入式系統(tǒng)來說，它是一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)完備的操作系統(tǒng)，因此得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用?
YASKAWA JANCD-MIF01
YASKAWA JANCD-MIF01
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