Nios處理器是Altera公司推出的一個具有32／16 b精簡指令集的軟核(Soft Core)CPU，它是面向用戶，可以靈活定制的通用RISC嵌入式處理器，它以軟核的形式交付給用戶，并針對Altera公司的FPGA專門進行了優化。用戶可以在Altera公司提供的開發軟件中加載Nios核和相應的外圍接口并定義相應的指令，然后對設計進行綜合并下載到FPGA中就可以方便地定制一個具有特定功能的嵌入式處理器。
用戶可以按照設計的需要選擇添加必要的部件，不會出現資源浪費的現象。圖1即為一個已經設計完成的基本的Nios系統，它包括了一個嵌入式系統工作所需要的所有基本端口，其中有ROM和RAM接口，串口，UART，以及系統的時鐘Clk，另外還有一些外設接口。
3 Nios與顯示模塊的接口電路
利用Nios對GDM12864A進行控制可以有兩種方法：一種方法是將該顯示模塊的接口作為Nios的存儲器或I／O設備直接掛接到Nios的Avalon總線上，Nios以訪問I／O設備或讀寫存儲器的方式對其進行控制。另一種方法是將GDM12864A的接口與Nios的并行端口相連接，Nios通過對其端口的操作來完成對顯示模塊的控制。這種方式具有時序簡單，易實現的優點，可以直接利用軟件完成所有的控制操作。
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