磁導航AG V中的磁條傳感器輸出來的偏差信號是通過電壓反映出來的,具體的比例關系如圖1所示。由圖1可以看出偏差與傳感器輸出的電壓在一定范圍內成正比,GATE用于指示傳感器是否在磁條上。ADC的參考電壓為+2.5 V,傳感器輸出電壓范圍是0~+10 V,采用電阻分壓的方法將0~10 V變為0~2.5 V,將測量范圍擴大4倍,如果想改變測量范圍,可以改變分壓電阻的阻值。
1.7 高速編碼器模塊
高速編碼器主要依靠STM32上的高速計時器來完成,采集電機輸出來的脈沖信號,將脈沖信號轉換為速度值,可以和DAC形成一個速度閉環控制。另外,對實時速度在時間上積分就可以得到行走的距離,對AGV的實時控制和顯示有用。脈沖信號和速度的具體對應關系如下:
n為電機的轉速大小(單位為r/min),tp為高速編碼器采集到的信號高電平的時間(單位為μs)。
2 系統軟件設計
系統軟件設計采用C語言進行編寫,編譯器采用IAR 5.3,底層驅動器軟件控制流程如圖2所示,中斷流程如圖3所示。
程序采用模塊化編程,將各個模塊分別寫到不同的子函數中,這樣便于調試、移植和修改。本文采用中斷模式來協調實現AGV各項功能,中斷模式中的中斷優先級根據任務的重要程度來確定,緊急信號中斷的優先級,CAN總線和串口中斷次之,定時器4的中斷優先級。定時器4每隔50 ms溢出一次,整個程序執行一次,執行的過程中讀取磁條傳感器狀態值,確定當前的偏差,根據糾偏算法控制AGV車的運行狀態。在糾偏算法中,根據不同的車型、不同的傳感器位置,建立不同的控制模型,進而更好地控制AGV按照設定好的路線行進。
對于不同功能的AGV,軟件控制也不相同,上文中的控制流程圖只針對一種車型,對其他車型,控制方式只需加入相應功能的程序模塊即可。
HC-AQ0335D 6ES7321-1BL00-0AA0 開入模塊(32點,24VDC)
6ES7321-7BH01-0AB0 開入模塊(16點,24VDC,診斷能力)
6ES7321-1EL00-0AA0 開入模塊(32點,120VAC)
6ES7321-1FF01-0AA0 開入模塊(8點,120/230VAC)
6ES7321-1FF10-0AA0 開入模塊(8點,120/230VAC)與公共電位單獨連接
6ES7321-1FH00-0AA0 開入模塊(16點,120/230VAC)
6ES7321-1CH00-0AA0 開入模塊(16點,24/48VDC)
6ES7321-1CH20-0AA0 開入模塊(16點,48/125VDC)
6ES7322-1BH01-0AA0 開出模塊(16點,24VDC)
6ES7322-1BH10-0AA0 開出模塊(16點,24VDC)高速
6ES7322-1CF00-0AA0 開出模塊(8點,48-125VDC)
6ES7322-8BF00-0AB0 開出模塊(8點,24VDC)診斷能力
6ES7322-5GH00-0AB0 開出模塊(16點,24VDC,獨立接點,故障保護)
6ES7322-1BL00-0AA0 開出模塊(32點,24VDC)
6ES7322-1FL00-0AA0 開出模塊(32點,120VAC/230VAC)
6ES7322-1BF01-0AA0 開出模塊(8點,24VDC,2A)
6ES7322-1FF01-0AA0 開出模塊(8點,120V/230VAC)
6ES7322-5FF00-0AB0 開出模塊(8點,120V/230VAC,獨立接點)
6ES7322-1HF01-0AA0 開出模塊(8點,繼電器,2A)
6ES7322-1HF10-0AA0 開出模塊(8點,繼電器,5A,獨立接點)
6ES7322-1HH01-0AA0 開出模塊(16點,繼電器)
6ES7322-5HF00-0AB0 開出模塊(8點,繼電器,5A,故障保護)
HC-AQ0335D
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