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IC693CMM321
IC693CMM321
IC693CMM321
CPU主要由運算器、控制器、寄存器及實現它們之間聯系的數據、控制及狀態總線構成,CPU單元還包括外圍芯片、總線接口及有關電路。內存主要用于存儲程序及數據,是PLC不可缺少的組成單元。
在使用者看來,不必要詳細分析CPU的內部電路,但對各部分的工作機制還是應有足夠的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作,由它讀取指令、解釋指令及執行令。但工作節奏由震蕩信號控制。運算器用于進行數字或邏輯運算,在控制器指揮下工作。寄存器參與運算,并存儲運算的中間結果,它也是在控制器指揮下工作。
CPU速度和內存容量是PLC的重要參數,它們決定著PLC的工作速度,IO數量及軟件容量等,因此限制著控制規模。
I/O模塊
PLC與電氣回路的接口,是通過輸入輸出部分(I/O)完成的。I/O模塊集成了PLC的I/O電路,其輸入暫存器反映輸入信號狀態,輸出點反映輸出鎖存器狀態。輸入模塊將電信號變換成數字信號進入PLC系統,輸出模塊相反。I/O分為開關量輸入(DI),開關量輸出(DO),模擬量輸入(AI),模擬量輸出(AO)等模塊。
常用的I/O分類如下:
開關量:按電壓水平分,有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC,按隔離方式分,有繼電器隔離和晶體管隔離。
模擬量:按信號類型分,有電流型(4-20mA,0-20mA)、電壓型(0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V)等,按精度分,有12bit,14bit,16bit等。
除了上述通用IO外,還有特殊IO模塊,如熱電阻、熱電偶、脈沖等模塊。
按I/O點數確定模塊規格及數量,I/O模塊可多可少,但其最大數受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力,即受最大的底板或機架槽數限制。
電源模塊
PLC電源用于為PLC各模塊的集成電路提供工作電源。同時,有的還為輸入電路提供24V的工作電源。電源輸入類型有:交流電源(220VAC或110VAC),直流電源(常用的為24VDC)。
底板或機架
大多數模塊式PLC使用底板或機架,其作用是:電氣上,實現各模塊間的聯系,使CPU能訪問底板上的所有模塊,機械上,實現各模塊間的連接,使各模塊構成一個整體。
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